by Kim | Nov 4, 2024
Key events this week – US Presidential election, FOMC, BoE, and RBA meetings
Recap from last week: Implications of US data for the FOMC
Two recent quotes from US Fed officials provide a framework for assessing the significant data from last week;
“If the economy continues to perform as expected, we’re looking at two more rate cuts by year end – both 25bps cuts”, US Fed Chair Powell, speech Q&A, NABE Conference, 30 Sep 2024
Data this week remained better than, or is at least tracking the latest Fed projections. But the broad data set aligns the most with Governor Waller’s framework – and suggests no change in the Fed’s path of a deliberate pace of easing.
“The first scenario is one where the overall strong economic developments that I have described today continue, with inflation nearing the FOMC’s target and the unemployment rate moving up only slightly. This scenario implies to me that we can proceed with moving policy toward a neutral stance at a deliberate pace.” Fed Governor Waller, speech, 14 Oct 2024
But with the complexity of the labor market data this month, the FOMC may be more attentive to the downside risks to the labor market leading up to the next meeting in Dec. US payroll growth slowed much more than expected, increasing by a mere +12k, despite already lowered expectations of +111k due to weather and strikes. How much of this weakness was due to the strikes and weather? The BLS notes the likely impact of strikes – making the already declining trend in manufacturing payrolls even worse in Oct. The effect of weather events on payroll growth is not obvious at this stage. However, the downward revisions in Aug and Sept payrolls signaled that the trend of payroll growth continues to slow.
The household survey was less impacted by strikes and weather events due to measurement differences. The BLS reported that 512k people were reported as employed but away from their jobs in Oct due to weather. Despite that, the household survey showed a marked fall in the proportion of people employed. Yet the unemployment rate increased only slightly from 4.05% to 4.15% in Oct – less than what the fall in employment would imply, due to the fall in participation. The rise in unemployed persons was focused on ‘job losers not on temporary layoff’ – suggesting factors other than weather or strikes at play. The FOMC projects the unemployment rate to end the year at 4.4% – which is still a way off, but the direction of travel was back up in Oct. From the JOLTS survey, there was a broad decline in job openings (by industry and region) with the job opening rate falling to Fed Governor Waller’s threshold of 4.5%. On a positive note, recent initial jobless claims data suggest that this additional weakness in labor market data may be short-lived, with claims falling back to 216k last week.
US PCE inflation mostly came in firmer, as expected. Headline PCE eased to +2.1%, while the monthly rate increased by +0.2%. The annual core PCE rate was unchanged at +2.7% while the monthly pace increased by +0.25%. The FOMC projects the core PCE rate to end the year at +2.6%, so currently still traveling above that level. At the last meeting, FOMC officials noted that while inflation has eased notably over the last two years, it remained above the long-term goal of 2%. Governor Waller described progress on inflation as uneven. While he noted that there were ‘good reasons to think increases will be modest going forward’, he would continue to watch the inflation data.
Finally, the advance US GDP for Q3 came in at +2.8% annualized, just slightly below +3% in Q2, but still relatively strong growth. The year-over-year rate slowed to +2.7%, due to a higher base effect – but this remains well above the Fed’s projection of the year-over-year GDP rate of +2% at the end of 2024. The composition of growth in Q3 was favorable, especially led by stronger household consumption. Fixed investment was still positive, but did weaken, while Government spending increased. Overall, this fits well within the broader, supportive context of ‘strong economic developments’.
The BoJ kept its policy settings unchanged as expected. While the decision statement had little detail, the quarterly report and Gov Ueda’s press conference were seen as paving the way for another hike either in Dec or Jan 2025. In his speech afterward, BoJ Gov Ueda noted that the uncertainty over the US economy has “largely receded”. Guidance in the quarterly report noted that, depending on the evolution of prices, activity, and financial conditions;
“…the Bank will accordingly continue to raise the policy interest rate and adjust the degree of monetary accommodation.” BoJ Quarterly Report, 31 Oct 2024
The prelim Euro area CPI for Oct was firmer, as expected. ECB officials have been talking down the economic data recently, but the flash GDP result for Q3 growth surprised to the upside – especially in Germany.
Outlook for the week ahead: The US Presidential election & the FOMC
The US Presidential election will be a key focus this week. It is a tight race and uncertainty over the result is high. Getting to a result could be a drawn-out process.
Central bank meetings will also feature this week. The FOMC will be the key meeting – and this will be held a day later than usual with the decision announced on 7Nov.
The FOMC is expected to cut the FFR by 25bps at this meeting. While some data is tracking better than, or is closely aligned with recent projections, the FOMC may be cautious over the risks to the labor market. Uncertainty over the weak Oct labor market data will need to be resolved, so guidance for Dec could be limited, with the Fed favoring that data-dependent approach. It will be important to see how the FOMC characterizes the Oct labor market data. Similarly, it will be important to see how it characterizes the current stickiness of inflation.
The BoE is expected to cut the Bank Rate by 25bps at this meeting after staying on hold in Sep. At the last meeting guidance shifted to “a gradual approach to removing policy restraint remains appropriate”. The Sep CPI data came in better than expected with headline, core, and services inflation easing further. Last week’s higher spending budget has pushed UK bond yields higher, working against expectations of rate cuts.
The RBA is expected to keep policy settings on hold. Recent improvements in labour market data suggested that a larger fall in inflation would be needed to shift the RBA trajectory on rate cuts. The Q3 CPI came in lower, as expected, and mostly in line with RBA forecasts. The fall in headline CPI was heavily impacted by the introduction of government household energy rebates. The trimmed mean at +3.5% in Q3 is still running in line with RBA forecasts, and not improving at a pace that would shift the RBA rate path. Persistent inflation has been a key concern for the RBA, and it has been noted that it would be some time before inflation is sustainably at the target. Markets are still pricing in the first rate cut in late H1 2025 at this stage.
Other data out this week will be important for upcoming central bank decisions. This includes the NZ Q3 labour market report and the Canadian labour market report for Oct.
The other event this week that could be important for markets is the meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress in Beijing from 4-8 Nov (source: Bloomberg). So far, Chinese fiscal support has disappointed markets, but meetings this week could see further measures announced. China’s inflation and trade data for Oct are expected to be released this week.
The final half of the global S&P PMIs for Oct will be released this week.
This week, the US Treasury will auction and settle approx. $482bn in ST Bills, raising approx. $41bn in new money. The US Treasury will also auction the 3-year and 10-year Notes, and the 30-year Bond – all will settle on 15 Nov.
QT this week: Approx $13bn of ST Bills will mature on the Fed balance sheet and will be reinvested.
More detail (including a calendar of key data releases) is provided in the briefing document – download the pdf below:
Comments and feedback are welcome. Please email me at kim.mofardin@marscapitalpartners.net
by Kim | Oct 28, 2024
Key events this week – US labor market, PCE inflation, & GDP Q3, Aus CPI Q3, BoJ meeting, Euro Area GDP Q3 & prelim CPI
Recap from last week
It was generally a quiet week of data last week, ahead of the important releases this week.
Commentary in the latest US Fed Beige Book reflected mixed results in the last six weeks. Two districts reported further modest growth while most regions reported little change in activity. There were mixed signals from consumer spending while loan demand remained steady. Uncertainty over mortgage rates affected housing demand. Manufacturing activity declined. Reports on the labor market were mixed. While there were reports of easing demand for workers, layoffs remained limited.
This labor market anecdote is reasonably consistent with the recent trends in initial and continuing claims data. Initial claims have eased further to +231k in the latest week after the recent (expected) spike higher. However, the path of continuing claims has remained higher and reached a new YTD high in the latest week – possibly reflecting some of that easing in labor demand.
The US prelim S&P PMIs for Oct provided a more recent gauge of activity – and there was little change in the moderate pace of expansion between Sep and Oct. The fall in manufacturing activity stabilized while services activity remained little changed from the moderate pace of expansion in Sep.
What has been consistent among the most recent Beige Book, the prelim Oct S&P PMIs, and the regional US manufacturing surveys for Oct is an improvement in the outlook – across both services and manufacturing.
Looking further ahead, having slumped to a 23-month low in September, optimism about output in the coming year rebounded sharply in October, hitting a 29-month high. Prospects of lower inflation, lower interest rates and stronger economic growth in 2025 also helped instil greater confidence. Source: S&P US Prelim PMI – Oct
The latest Atlanta Fed GDP Nowcast has the US Q3 GDP run rate at around +3.3%, easing only slightly after the weak durable goods report for Sep. The first nowcast for Q4 activity is expected this week.
The Bank of Canada cut rates by 50bps and guided that more cuts are to be expected if the economy evolves broadly as expected. The decision to cut by 50bps was based on the BoC’s determination that inflation has returned to target and is “no longer broad-based,” and that a larger cut was needed to support growth.
The S&P Prelim PMIs for Oct were mixed, but momentum generally eased. Manufacturing PMIs across the G4 (+ Aus) were generally lower, led by larger falls in activity in Japan and the UK. Eurozone and US manufacturing activity improved but remained in contraction. Services activity remained mostly at a modest pace of growth – but still also eased compared to Sep. Services activity in Japan fell markedly and into slight contraction for the month. A slower pace of expansion was also recorded across the Eurozone and the UK services sectors.
Outlook for the week ahead; Important data and implications for central banks.
The upcoming week in the US will be eventful, with key economic data releases ahead of the FOMC meeting on 6 Nov, important tech earnings, and the final week of campaigning in the US Presidential election to be held next week, on 5 Nov.
US labor market, PCE inflation, and Q3 growth data will be in focus this week, providing the FOMC with a comprehensive update on the economy ahead of its meeting. This week is the blackout period for Fed speeches ahead of the FOMC meeting.
The US labor market data for Oct will be important. The unexpectedly strong growth in the Sep payrolls, coupled with recent positive GDP revisions, likely influenced the Fed’s shift towards a more deliberate path of policy easing. It’s unclear at this stage whether the stronger payroll growth in Sep signaled a change in trend for the labor market. Unfortunately, weather and strike-disrupted data in Oct could make it difficult to assess any change in labor market trends. Non-farm payroll growth is expected to ease to +111k in Oct from +254k in Sep. The direction and size of revisions to Sep could be important to the view of the labor market. The unemployment rate is expected to be unchanged at 4.1%. The average work week is expected to stay at 34.2. The number of Job Openings is expected to ease slightly in Sep (data lag by a month) to 7.92m. Average hourly earnings are expected to be unchanged at +4% over the year.
Also on the Fed’s radar is the somewhat firmer CPI for Sep. This week, the Fed preferred PCE inflation gauge will be released for Sep. Headline PCE inflation is expected to be little changed at +2.2% over the year, with monthly inflation expected to be little changed at +0.1%. Core PCE inflation is expected to increase to +0.25% over the month and slow slightly to +2.6% over the year, from +2.7% in Aug. The latest projections are for PCE inflation to end the year around +2.6%. Both personal income and spending for Sep are expected to increase by +0.3% and +0.4% respectively over the month, after increasing by +0.2% in Aug.
The advance US Q3 GDP is expected to increase by +3% annualized. The composition of that growth will be in focus for the FOMC. The ISM manufacturing PMI is expected to improve slightly, but remain in contraction at 47.5 in Oct.
The BoJ will meet this week and is expected to keep policy settings unchanged. Guidance was limited at the last meeting, and with the uncertainty over the election result, this could be the case again. The Japanese general election was held over the weekend and early results suggest the incumbent party has fallen short of a majority, creating some uncertainty over the formation of a new government;
Japan appears set for a weak government either way, an outcome that may complicate the outlook for the Bank of Japan. The central bank, which is trying to seek the right timing for another rate hike, is widely expected to leave rates unchanged during its next scheduled meeting on Oct. 31. Source: Bloomberg 27 Oct 2024
Aus Q3 CPI will be released this week and will be important for the RBA meeting next week, also on 5 Nov. Aus headline Q3 CPI is expected to slow to +2.9% over the year from +3.8% in Q2 – due to the introduction of household energy subsidies. The trimmed mean measure of core inflation is the important statistic and is expected to slow to +0.7% over the quarter in Q3, from +0.8% in Q2. Over the year, the trimmed mean is expected to slow to +3.5% in Q3 from +3.9% in Q2. Persistent inflation has been a key concern for the RBA, and it has been noted that it would be some time before inflation is sustainably at the target. While growth indicators were weak in Q2, labour market conditions in Aus have stabilized through Q3.
The prelim Eurozone CPI for Oct is expected to be slightly firmer. Headline CPI is expected to increase to +1.9% in Oct from +1.7% in Sep. Core CPI is expected to slow to +2.6% in Oct from +2.7% in Sep. The recent messaging from ECB officials is that disinflation is ‘well on track’, despite some lingering concerns over domestic wage pressures. ECB President Lagarde has emphasized the downside surprises in indicators of economic activity recently. The prelim Euro area growth for Q3 is expected to come in at +0.2%, unchanged from +0.2% in Q2, confirming that a low pace of growth persisted into Q3. German GDP for Q3 will be released before the Euro Area growth and is expected to show a continued slight contraction in the economy of -0.1% in Q3 after a similar fall in Q2.
The broader global S&P PMIs for Oct will begin to be released later this week.
This week, the US Treasury will auction and settle approx. $780bn in Notes, Bonds, TIPS, FRNS, and ST Bills, raising approx. $139bn in new money.
QT this week: Approx $25bn of ST Bills, Notes, Bonds, and FRNs will mature on the Fed balance sheet and will be reinvested. Approx $18bn of Notes, Bonds, and FRNs will be redeemed and roll off the Fed balance sheet.
The next release of the US Treasury funding requirement will be this week on 28 Oct and 30 Oct. This will confirm the Q4 funding requirement and provide an estimate for Q1 2025.
More detail (including a calendar of key data releases) is provided in the briefing document – download the pdf below:
Comments and feedback are welcome. Please email me at kim.mofardin@marscapitalpartners.net
by Kim | Oct 21, 2024
Key events this week – US durable goods orders, Fed Beige Book, PBoC & BoC meeting, S&P prelim PMIs
Recap from last week; A More Deliberate Approach for US Rate Cuts Amid Global Inflation Trends
The implications of US data and speeches last week contrasted with those of global CPI reports for central banks last week.
In his speech, Fed Gov Waller reiterated a sentiment similar to that of Fed Chair Powell, about stepping away from the expectation of larger rate cuts to quickly bring the FFR down to neutral. He noted that US data has shifted recently such that further easing should proceed with more caution.
“I view the totality of the data as saying monetary policy should proceed with more caution on the pace of rate cuts than was needed at the Sept meeting”. Speech; Fed Governor Waller, 14 Oct 2024
Wallers’ views on the labor market shifted from concerns over cooling conditions to the unexpectedly strong labor market report for Sep. While the Oct payroll data is likely to be noisy, Waller stated that the stability of the labor market has bolstered his confidence that they can achieve further progress toward the inflation goal. The latest CPI data was disappointing (firmer), but he noted that there are good reasons to think increases will be modest going forward. The important question is how far and how fast for rate cuts? Waller outlined three scenarios for the near-term outlook but none where the Fed reverses its current policy direction. There are conditions where the FOMC may pause cuts, but the bar seems high. Waller’s most likely scenario closely reflects his view of current conditions; ‘strong economic developments’, inflation nearing target, and the unemployment rate moving up only slightly, implying they can move policy rates down to neutral at a deliberate pace.
US data last week supported the view that the economy continues to be better than expected from just a few months ago. The Atlanta Fed GDP Nowcast for Q3 growth increased to a run rate of +3.4% (annualized). The general trend of the nowcast through Q3 has been upwardly rising. The slightly stronger-than-expected increase in retail sales for Sep contributed to a further increase in the GDP nowcast last week. While headline retail sales increased by +0.4%, the control group measures (that feed into GDP calculations) increased by +0.7% in nominal terms. Deflated by CPI though, annual growth in real retail sales is still -0.7% below the same month a year ago. US manufacturing output was weaker, as expected – due to strikes and weather-related effects. Manufacturing activity has generally been weaker in the US recently and the first two Oct regional manufacturing surveys pointed to a continuation of that trend. But what was striking in both the Philadelphia Fed and NY Fed surveys was the continued improvement in the sentiment for future business outlook.
Outside of the US, most CPI data suggested more room for central banks to ease. Canadian headline CPI came in under 2% for the first time in this cycle, at +1.6%. The BoC core measures were unchanged around the +2.2% average of the three measures. The BoC meets this week, and markets are expecting a larger 50bps cut.
NZ CPI slowed to +2.2% in Q3, from +3.3% in Q2. While domestic-led inflation remains elevated, the trimmed mean inflation rate came down to between +2.3% and +2.7% and is now much closer to the headline rate. This will likely give the RBNZ further room for rate cuts to address weakness in economic activity. Labour market data for Q3 is due before the 27 Nov meeting, but markets are expecting a larger cut at this stage.
Progress on UK CPI improved again in Sep after stalling in Aug with headline CPI falling to +1.7%. Core CPI also eased at a faster pace and by more than expected, falling back to +3.2%. The easing wages and inflation picture, together with recent solid labor market data, suggests the BoE may follow in the FOMC footsteps of ‘recalibration’ of policy rates and move policy rates down at a ‘deliberate’ pace. The next meeting of the BoE is on 7 Nov.
The ECB cut rates again last week, despite no new forecasts tabled at the meeting. While guidance did not change, there was an emphasis on weakness in recent economic activity/data. It was noted that the disinflationary process is ‘well on track’, with inflation falling further in Sep to +1.7%, while services inflation remained elevated, but eased to +3.9%. After the meeting, ECB officials were quoted as saying another cut in Dec “is highly likely” amid expectations that inflation would settle at +2% faster than expected.
There were two outliers last week. The continued strengthening in Aus labour market conditions in Sep suggests that the RBA would need to see inflation fall further before commencing rate cuts. The next RBA meeting is on 5 Nov.
Japanese CPI fell in the month (led by a -6.6% fall in energy prices) while the main BoJ core measures of CPI ex fresh food remained above its target at +2.4%, but slowed from +2.8% in Aug. The BoJ has shifted away from its hawkish signaling in early Aug and has continued to reiterate its caution over the outlook, especially now in the lead-up to the Japanese general election this weekend (27 Oct). The BoJ is expected to keep policy settings unchanged at its meeting on 30 Oct, the following week.
Outlook for the week ahead; Preparing for central bank decisions, elections, and S&P prelim PMIs
The focus now shifts to the outlook for the next several weeks and it will be filled with important central bank decisions, data, and elections.
This will be the last week of US Fed speeches ahead of the usual blackout period (next week) before the next FOMC meeting on 6 Nov. US data of consequence for the FOMC will be released during that blackout period (PCE inflation Sep & labor market Oct). The US Presidential election will be held on the day before the FOMC meeting on 5 Nov.
Many other major central bank meetings are scheduled for the next two weeks and important US earnings for Q3 will also be reported over the next few weeks.
There will be numerous US Fed speeches this week. The IMF and World Bank meetings will be held in Washington and global central bankers are scheduled to speak at various events through the week.
The US Fed will release its Beige Book for Q3, providing anecdotes on the labor market, prices, and general activity.
The main US data release will be durable goods orders for Sep – which are expected to fall by -1.1%. Existing home sales for Sep are expected to increase slightly to a 3.88m annualized rate. Similarly, new home sales are expected to stay little changed at a 0.71m annualized rate in Sep. There will be several regional manufacturing surveys for Oct released this week, along with the S&P prelim PMIs for Oct. We will continue to monitor initial jobless claims. Last week claims eased as expected to +241k, and are expected to stay around that level this week at +245k.
As noted, the Bank of Canada meets this week, and markets are expecting a 50bps cut. The PBoC has cut several of its lending rates at the start of the week.
Finally, the S&P prelim PMIs for Oct will be released this week. These will provide a view of momentum going into the final quarter of 2024. The Sep PMIs had shown a marked weakening in manufacturing activity while services PMIs helped to offset that weakness with continued modest expansion.
This week, the US Treasury will auction and settle approx. $482bn in ST Bills, raising approx. $46bn in new money. The US Treasury will also auction the 5-yr TIPS and 20-yr Bond – both will settle on 31 Oct.
QT this week: Approx $9.4bn of ST Bills will mature on the Fed balance sheet and will be reinvested.
More detail (including a calendar of key data releases) is provided in the briefing document – download the pdf below:
Comments and feedback are welcome. Please email me at kim.mofardin@marscapitalpartners.net
by Kim | Oct 14, 2024
Key events this week – US retail sales, ECB meeting, CPI – Euro Area, Japan, Canada, NZ, and the UK, China data
Recap from last week; FOMC minutes, firmer US CPI, and the spike in initial claims
The FOMC minutes reflected the details of the decision to cut rates for the first time in this cycle by 50bps. While some members noted that there had been a plausible case for a 25bps cut at the Jul meeting, inflation and labor market data during the inter-meeting period were key factors in the decision to cut by 50bps at the Sept meeting. Minutes noted progress on inflation and the Committee had gained greater confidence that inflation was on a sustainable path to 2% despite firmness in rents. The focus, however, had shifted to concerns over cooling in labor market conditions.
Participants agreed that labor market indicators merited close monitoring, with some noting that as conditions in the labor market have eased, the risk had increased that continued easing could transition to a more serious deterioration.
Participants reassessed the balance of risks for the dual mandate; upside risks to the inflation outlook had diminished, while the downside risks to employment had increased. While some participants “would have preferred” a 25bps cut at this meeting, in the end, it was a “substantial majority” of participants that supported a 50bps cut. This was the degree of “recalibration” that would start to bring the stance of monetary policy into better alignment with recent data on inflation and the labor market. In his speech last week, Fed Vice Chair Jefferson reflected on the underlying message from the FOMC minutes; the 50bps cut was to maintain labor market strength. He restated some concern over the labor market – even after the stronger Sep payrolls report.
The Fed remains in data-dependent mode to determine the pace and degree of easing ahead. Fed Chair Powell has provided his baseline for the rest of the year; 2x25bps cuts if the economy evolves in line with the latest projections. While the US inflation picture for Sept was warmer than expected, initial claims suggested further labor market weakness could be ahead.
US CPI for Sep was higher than expected and the composition of that miss indicated broader inflation effects. Higher food, core goods, and core services prices were offset by the fall in energy prices and slower shelter price increases. Annual core CPI has stalled between +3.2% and +3.3% for the last four months now. The monthly pace has lifted over the last three months to a slightly uncomfortable level of +0.3% a month. The trimmed mean measure of underlying inflation reflected the broader inflation experienced across categories this month, but this was after four months of more benign readings. The Fed is not likely to be derailed by this CPI report and will be encouraged by the long-awaited slowing in shelter price growth. The less good feature was the broader inflation effect, and, while this is not yet a trend, will be important to watch. Together, the PPI and CPI reports suggest that core PCE inflation may come in between +0.2% and +0.3%. The FOMC preferred PCE inflation report is due 31 Oct.
The FOMC will also watch how last week’s spike in initial claims evolves from here. The increase in claims for the wk ending 5 Oct reflects several expected factors; severe weather events affecting numerous states, strike activity, and some layoffs. This mix creates a noisy picture for the FOMC to look through as it approaches the next labor market report before the next meeting. So far, the US growth context has remained steady – with the Atlanta Fed GDP Nowcast lifting to a +3.2% growth run rate for Q3. There will be a broader update to the Q3 growth run rate this week.
The RBNZ cut rates by 50bps at its meeting last week. The RBNZ noted that policy restraint has been reduced, but that it still views policy as restrictive. Economic conditions “provided scope to further ease policy restrictiveness”. This week, NZ inflation for Q3 is expected to increase in the quarter by +0.7% but slow more notably over the year from +3.3% in Q2 to +2.3% in Q3. This may provide further runway for the RBNZ to continue easing policy settings, depending on how labor market and activity data evolve before the final meeting of the year.
Outlook for the week ahead; US retail sales, global CPIs, and the ECB
The focus of US data this week will be on retail sales, housing, and industrial output for Sep, providing a solid update on the final month of Q3 growth data. The initial and continuing claims data will be closely watched. After spiking to +258k last week, initial claims for the wk ending 12 Oct are expected to ease slightly to +241k. The level of continuing claims (lag initial claims by a week) had already started to rise in the wk ending 28 Sept – before the impact of Hurricanes Helene and Milton. The data for wk ending 12 Oct will be the reference week for the next non-farm payroll and household employment survey for Oct.
US retail sales are expected to increase by +0.3% in Sep from +0.1% in Aug. US industrial production is expected to fall slightly by -0.1% in Sep after rising +0.8% in Aug. US housing data is expected to be little changed in Sep; housing starts are expected to remain around the 1.35m annualized pace and new permits are expected to ease to a 1.45m annualized pace.
US Fed speeches this week include Fed Governor Waller speaking on the economic outlook. This should provide insight into how he is incorporating recent inflation and labor market data into his outlook for Fed easing.
The ECB will meet this week and is expected to cut rates by 25bps. Softer inflation and activity data since the last meeting had led ECB officials to hint at the likelihood of a further cut at this meeting. The final Euro Area CPI for Sep will be released this week and headline inflation is expected to ease to +1.8% while core inflation is expected to slow to +2.7%.
UK core CPI is expected to ease to +3.4% in Sep, from +3.6% in Aug.
Headline CPI in Canada is expected to stay little changed at +2.1%, up slightly from 2% in Aug. The summary of the BoC core measures of inflation have eased quickly recently, and slowed to +2.2% on average in Aug. This easing in the ‘broad inflationary pressure’ while the unemployment rate increased had been a key factor in the last BoC decision to cut rates for a third time in Sep.
Japanese National CPI data for Sep is expected to show the BoJ preferred measure of core inflation ex fresh food easing to +2.3% in Sep from +2.8% in Aug. The BoJ meets on 31 Oct, just after the Japanese general election on 27 Oct.
The Aus labour market report for Sep is expected to show employment growth slowed to +25k, down from +47k in Aug. The unemployment rate is expected to be unchanged at 4.2%.
Details of Chinese stimulus measures continue to be drip-fed through official channels. This week, Chinese activity data for Sept and Q3 growth data will be in focus. The Q3 GDP is expected to come in at +4.6%, slightly lower than +4.7% in Q2.
This week, the US Treasury will auction and settle approx. $601bn in ST Bills, Notes, and Bonds, raising approx. $63bn in new money.
QT this week: Approx $11.6bn of ST Bills, Notes, Bonds, and TIPS will mature on the Fed balance sheet and will be reinvested. Approx $7bn in Notes, Bonds, and TIPS will mature and roll off the Fed balance sheet.
More detail (including a calendar of key data releases) is provided in the briefing document – download the pdf below:
Comments and feedback are welcome. Please email me at kim.mofardin@marscapitalpartners.net
by Kim | Oct 7, 2024
Key events this week – US CPI & PPI, Minutes; FOMC, ECB, & RBA, RBNZ policy meeting
Recap from last week; The US labor market not weakening as much as thought.
During his speech last week, US Fed Chair Powell’s comments built on the themes from the most recent FOMC meeting. He was more explicit though about his reaction function for data and rates through the end of 2024, indicating that if the U.S. economy follows the trajectory outlined in the most recent SEP, then two 25bps cuts can likely be expected in the remainder of the year. He emphasized that the Fed has embarked on “policy recalibration”, meaning that moving policy rates down slowly to neutral will help achieve the task of bringing down inflation. However, he reiterated that it is still a data-dependent approach;
“This is not a committee that feels like it’s in a hurry to cut rates quickly,” Powell said. “Ultimately we will be guided by the incoming data. And if the economy slows more than we expect, then we can cut faster. If it slows less than we expect, we can cut slower.” (Source: Bloomberg, 1 Oct 2024)
Powell’s upbeat tone from the last FOMC press conference was reinforced by the recent upward revisions to US GDP and GDI data. This had reduced perceived downside risks as spending, income, and savings were stronger than previously thought. He also expressed confidence in inflation moving toward the 2% target, based on August PCE data, while acknowledging the tension between cooling in the labor market and solid GDP growth.
However, the payroll and employment data for Sep suggested that the US labor market may not be weakening as much as recent data has suggested. The Sep payroll report was strong with the headline increase of +254k far exceeding expectations while the two prior months were revised higher by +72k. There was positive news on the unemployment rate which fell from 4.22% in Aug to 4.05% in Sep, as the household survey recorded a strong rebound in employment growth, while growth in the labor force slowed. Despite the stronger employment and payroll growth this month, average weekly hours and total aggregate hours declined over the month, though may recover next month. Average hourly earnings growth eased a little over the month but increased to +4% over the year.
Other new labor market data released last week mostly reflected Powell’s ‘solid’ labor market conditions. The number of job openings increased back up to over 8m but remained below the 12mth average. Falling hires reflected slowing demand for labor but no evidence that firms were increasing layoffs. The quits fell more notably in Aug. Elevated Challenger job cut announcements in Sep continued to contrast with the trend in low initial jobless claims.
After Powell’s speech, and the stronger payroll data, US rate cut expectations for the remainder of the year were scaled back (source: CME Fedwatch).
The US PMIs for Sep revealed two key sectors moving at a different pace: renewed weakening in manufacturing conditions, while the services sector outlook remained more optimistic. The stronger expansion in services is so far offsetting the weakness in manufacturing and this was broadly reflected in the composition of the payroll data for Sep too. However, the latest Atlanta Fed GDP Nowcast for the Q3 growth run-rate slowed to +2.5% – but was based on limited data last week. The update this week will reflect the monthly trade and wholesale inventory data. Next week should provide a broader update on the US growth run rate for Q3.
The S&P global PMI’s indicated that global growth momentum may have eased in Sep. The global manufacturing PMI weakened further into modest contraction for the third month in a row, while global services activity moderated. At a global level, the expansion in services continues to offset the weaker manufacturing conditions, but this differs by country/region.
Of note was the further weakening in the Eurozone PMIs for Sep – especially across some of the larger Eurozone members. With concerns over the growth outlook, together with the lower-than-expected flash Euro area CPI for Sep, ECB officials hinted at an increased possibility of another rate cut at the Oct meeting.
An interest-rate cut that European Central Bank officials deemed unlikely just three weeks ago now seems a near certainty when they next set borrowing costs on Oct. 17. Markedly souring business surveys, the first below-2% inflation reading in more than three years and the reassurance offered by the Federal Reserve’s own shift to easing, have all brought policymakers toward the point where a quarter-point reduction appears to need little more than a formal sign-off. (Source: Bloomberg, 2 Oct 2024)
Newly appointed Japanese Prime Minister Ishiba stated that the country is “on the verge of overcoming deflation,” while his newly appointed ministers urged caution from the BoJ regarding further rate hikes at this time. In a speech during the week, BoJ Governor Ueda was broadly seen as supporting the sentiment of the incoming PM, continuing to reflect the more recent dovish tone and noting uncertainty in the outlook for the global economy. The Japanese National election will be held on 27 Oct, several days before the next BoJ meeting.
Outlook for the week ahead; In a quiet week of data, US inflation and central banks will be in focus.
The US CPI and PPI report for Sep will be important in continuing to build confidence that inflation is moving back to the 2% target for the FOMC.
Growth in the US headline CPI is expected to slow to +2.3% in Sep from +2.5% in Aug. The monthly rate is expected to slow to +0.1% over the month, from +0.2% in Aug. Core inflation will be the more important indicator, and is expected to slow to +3.1% over the year in Sep, from +3.2% in Aug. The monthly pace of core CPI is expected to slow to +0.2% in Sep from +0.3% in Aug.
Growth in the US headline PPI is expected to slow to +1.6% over the year in Sep, from +1.8% in Aug. The monthly pace of growth is expected to slow to +0.1% Sep, from +0.2% in Aug. Growth in core PPI is expected to increase slightly to +2.65% in Sep from +2.4% Aug. The monthly pace of core PPI is expected to slow to +0.2% in Sep from +0.3% in Aug.
The latest FOMC minutes will be released this week. This should provide insight into the decision to commence rate cuts in this cycle and what it means for the broader suite of policy settings such as QT.
There will be a large number of US Fed speeches this week. Not all speeches will be on the economic outlook, but it will be important to see how Fed officials have incorporated the stronger labor market data into their outlook.
The ECB and RBA minutes will be released this week. The ECB did cut policy rates at the last meeting, noting that, given recent inflation dynamics, it was appropriate to take another step in moderating the degree of policy restriction. The RBA had kept rates on hold at the last meeting.
The RBNZ will meet this week and is expected to cut its policy rate by 50bps.
Chinese data will be in focus. New loan data for Sep may start to highlight the flow of new policy stimulus. Also, Chinese CPI & PPI data for Sep will be released this week.
This week, the US Treasury will auction and settle approx. $482bn in ST Bills, raising approx. $31bn in new money. The US Treasury will also auction the 3-year and 10-year Notes, and the 30-year Bond – to settle on 15 Oct.
QT this week: Approx $9bn of ST Bills will mature on the Fed balance sheet and will be reinvested.
More detail (including a calendar of key data releases) is provided in the briefing document – download the pdf below:
Comments and feedback are welcome. Please email me at kim.mofardin@marscapitalpartners.net
by Kim | Sep 30, 2024
Key events this week – US non-farm payrolls, US Fed Chair Powell speech, Eurozone CPI prelim, S&P global PMIs – final
Recap from last week – Signs of progress on US PCE Inflation
Last week, Fed speeches confirmed broad support for the FOMC’s decision to start cutting rates. Speeches indicated that further cuts may be warranted if inflation progresses, or labor market conditions continue to soften. Fed officials noted that future rate cuts would be guided by incoming data, with no predetermined pace for easing. Leading up to the next FOMC meeting in Nov, progress on inflation and labor market conditions will remain a key focus. Faster progress on inflation and/or weaker labor market conditions are likely to edge the FOMC towards a larger rate cut. Markets are currently pricing a 48% probability of a 50bps rate cut in Nov (source: CME FedWatch).
Last week’s release of the Fed-preferred PCE inflation report for Aug showed signs of continued progress – confirming the trend of the Aug CPI. Core PCE remained firmer, remaining at +2.7% in Aug. While core PCE has stalled here for the last few months, it is still on track to slow to the expected +2.6% rate by year-end. Core services inflation, led by a renewed increase in shelter prices, continued to offset the deflationary trend in core goods. At the last FOMC press conference, Fed Chair Powell noted that rent prices were not slowing as fast as expected and that owners’ equivalent rent (OER) was “coming in high”. Powell’s comments suggested that the FOMC is looking through rent inflation in these reports as long as market rent measures trend lower.
The US growth run-rate for Q3 firmed last week, however the message was mixed. Based on the spending, income, GDP, and durable goods data last week, the latest Atlanta Fed GDP Nowcast ticked up to a +3.1% run rate for Q3 so far. The lift in the growth rate was led by an increased contribution from net exports and the change in private inventories. This more than offset the downward effect of the slower pace of personal spending growth in Aug.
The RBA kept its policy rate unchanged at 4.35%, which is still lower than most other central banks. While temporary factors have lowered inflation, the Board noted that inflation remains persistent, and policy must stay “sufficiently restrictive” until inflation sustainably moves toward the target. The Aus CPI for Aug fell due to energy rebates, a decline that the RBA had anticipated. The RBA kept its outlook unchanged, that it did not expect inflation to fall sustainably to target until 2026.
The prelim round of S&P PMIs for Sep showed a downshift in growth in the final month of Q3. The expansion in services remained moderate but did slow – likely reflecting the end of the Olympics. The positive expansion in services helped to cushion a renewed contraction in manufacturing activity, especially in Europe, but also in Aus, and the US. The broader suite of global PMIs will be released this week and will be important to gauge shifts in broader global growth momentum.
The announcement of new stimulus measures in China resulted in a marked improvement in sentiment around the growth outlook. A range of measures were announced last week that aimed to “boost growth, halt the property rout, shore up the stock market, and stabilize employment” (source: Bloomberg).
Outlook for the week ahead – US Fed Chair Powell speech; the economic outlook & US labor market conditions
US Fed Chair Powell will give a speech on the economic outlook early this week (Mon afternoon). He is expected to reiterate points from the recent FOMC meeting and will likely provide his characterization of last week’s PCE price inflation release. There will be several other Fed speeches throughout the week.
At the end of the week, the first of two critical US labor market reports will be released, helping to set the stage for the Nov FOMC meeting. Signs of further cooling in the labor market could see markets price in an increased likelihood for a larger sized rate cut.
US non-farm payrolls are expected to increase by +144k in Sep, after increasing by +142k in Aug. The direction of the prior month’s revisions will be important to the overall view of labor demand. The unemployment rate is expected to be unchanged at 4.2% with the participation rate also expected to be unchanged at 62.7%. Average weekly hours are expected to be unchanged at 34.3.
The JOLTS survey for the end of Aug is expected to show a further slowing in the number of job openings to 7.64m, from 7.67m in Jul.
Average weekly hours are expected to slow to +3.3% over the year, from +3.8% in Aug.
The Challenger job cut announcement report for Sep will also be released. There had been an uptick in job cut announcements to 75k in Aug, especially in the Tech sector. Job hiring announcements were also tepid.
The US ISM manufacturing and services PMI surveys for Sep will be released – and are expected to show manufacturing activity contracting, while services momentum remains modest. Last week, the US S&P prelim PMIs for Sep showed another sharper contraction in manufacturing activity, offset by the continued moderate pace of expansion in services activity.
The Eurozone prelim CPI for Sep will be important for shaping the outlook for the ECB, especially in the context of renewed weakness in activity highlighted by the Sep PMIs. Headline Eurozone CPI is expected to slow to +1.9% over the year in Sep, from +2.2% in Aug. Core inflation is expected to slow to +2.7% over the year in Sep from +2.8% in Aug.
The broader suite of S&P global PMIs will be released this week.
This week, the US Treasury will auction and settle approx. $719bn in ST Bills, Notes, Bonds, and TIPS, raising approx. $132bn in new money.
QT this week: Approx $17.6bn of ST Bills, Notes, and Bonds will mature on the Fed balance sheet and will be reinvested. Approx. $20bn of Notes & Bonds will be redeemed and roll off the Fed balance sheet.
More detail (including a calendar of key data releases) is provided in the briefing document – download the pdf below:
Comments and feedback are welcome. Please email me at kim.mofardin@marscapitalpartners.net
